Open Access
ARTICLE
Climate Governance and Global Policy Coordination: Evaluating International Agreements for Sustainable Environmental Management
Issue Vol. 1 No. 01 (2025): Volume 01 , Issue 01 Oct 2025 --- Section Articles --- Published Date: 2025-10-01
Abstract
Climate governance has emerged as one of the most critical global policy challenges in the 21st century as nations face increasing threats from climate-induced disasters, biodiversity loss, rising greenhouse gas emissions, and unsustainable resource consumption. The urgency to address climate change has led to the adoption of multiple international agreements, including the Paris Agreement, Kyoto Protocol, and the Montreal Protocol. Despite these frameworks, global policy coordination remains inconsistent due to political differences, unequal economic capacities, varying national interests, and insufficient compliance mechanisms. This research evaluates the effectiveness of major international climate agreements, examining how they influence national climate strategies, carbon reduction pathways, adaptation mechanisms, and sustainable development policies. Using mixed-method analysis, the study investigates policy implementation gaps, financial commitments, technology transfer limitations, and institutional challenges across developed and developing nations. The findings reveal that while global climate governance has improved significantly, persistent issues such as inadequate enforcement, fragmented policymaking, and fluctuating geopolitical interests continue to hinder collective progress. The paper proposes a strengthened global governance model supported by multilateral accountability, transparent carbon markets, and capacity-building frameworks for sustainable environmental management.
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